Dates: 1949 - Present
Key Rulers: Mao Zedong, Xi Jinping
Events: Established after the Chinese Civil War; characterized by significant social and economic transformations; currently a major global power.
People's Republic of China
Dates: 1801–1814 CE. Key Events: A small state formed when Napoleon was exiled to Elba; marked by attempts to establish reforms and maintain sovereignty.
Principality of Elba
Dates: 1603 - 1868 AD
Key Rulers: Tokugawa Ieyasu, Tokugawa Yoshinobu
Events: The last feudal Japanese military government; known for political stability and isolationist policies; ended with the Meiji Restoration.
Tokugawa shogunate
Dates: 1465 - 1847 AD
Key Rulers: Janibek Khan, Kerei Khan
Events: A state formed by the Kazakh tribes; known for resistance against the Oirat Mongols; eventually integrated into the Russian Empire.
Kazakh Khanate
Dates: 1878 - 1898 AD
Key Rulers: Samory Touré
Events: A West African empire known for its resistance against French colonialism; ultimately conquered and incorporated into French West Africa.
Wassoulou Empire
Dates: 1206–1368 CE. Key Rulers: Genghis Khan, Kublai Khan. Key Events: The largest contiguous empire in history, known for its military conquests, cultural exchanges, and the Silk Road trade networks.
Mongol Empire
Dates: 650 - 1036 AD
Key Rulers: Nagabhata I, Mihira Bhoja
Events: A major dynasty in India known for its military prowess and cultural patronage; played a significant role in regional politics.
Pratihara Dynasty
Dates: 1600 - 1046 BC
Key Rulers: Tang, Wu Ding
Events: One of the earliest Chinese dynasties; known for its advances in bronze casting and writing; ultimately fell to the Zhou dynasty.
Shang dynasty
Dates: 4th century BCE–106 CE. Key Rulers: Aretas IV. Key Events: Known for its trade routes and impressive rock-cut architecture, including Petra, which became a major trading hub in the ancient world.
Nabataean Kingdom
Dates: 802 - 1431 AD
Key Rulers: Jayavarman II, Suryavarman II
Events: Known for Angkor Wat and cultural achievements; declined due to internal strife and the rise of Siamese and Vietnamese kingdoms.
Khmer Empire