A Seneca orator and chief of the Wolf clan, based in Western New York. He negotiated with the new United States after the American Revolutionary War, when the Seneca as British allies were forced to cede much land following the defeat of the British; he signed the Treaty of Canandaigua (1794).

Red Jacket / Sagoyewatha

Cheyenne chief who resisted the American settlement of the Kansas and Colorado territories during the 1860s. After his village was destroyed during the Sand Creek massacre, he participated in the Colorado War with the Comanche and Kiowa negotiating several treaties with the United States before his death at Battle of Washita River.

Black Kettle

Apache chief who fought against Mexican and later American encroachment on Apache lands during the 1830s and 1840s. After repeated attacks on his people by miners and soldiers, he led raids throughout New Mexico and Arizona, allied with Cochise against U.S. forces, and was captured and killed under a flag of truce in 1863.

Mangas Colorades

Shawnee chief known as "The Prophet" who was an ally of his brother Tecumseh, together founding Prophetstown. Called Americans the offspring of the Evil Spirit, and led a purification movement that promoted unity among the Indigenous peoples of North America, rejected acculturation to the American way of life, and encouraged his followers to pursue traditional ways.

Tenskwatawa

Chief of the Minneconjou Teton Lakota known for his bravery and skill in battle, physical strength and diplomacy in counsel. The youngest son of Lone Horn, he was brother to Spotted Elk, Frog, and Roman Nose. Fought in the Battle of Little Big Horn, before joining the Spotted Tail Agency and enlisting in the Indian Scouts. Was supposedly 7 feet tall.

Touch the Clouds

Leader of the Duwamish and Suquamish peoples. A leading figure among his people, he pursued a path of accommodation to white settlers, forming a personal relationship with Doc Maynard. A widely publicized speech arguing in favor of ecological responsibility and respect for Native Americans' land rights had been attributed to him.

Chief Seattle

Son of Miniconjou Lakota chief Lone Horn, he was an ally of Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse although he himself saw no action during the Black Hills War. A major figure of the Ghost Dance movement of the late 1880s, he was one of several chiefs killed during the Wounded Knee Massacre.

Spotted Elk

Mohawk leader in Canada. After he fought for the British Crown in the War of 1812, he was honoured by his tribal council as a "Pine Tree Chief", a non-hereditary position. He was influential in the Mohawk and Anglophone communities of Upper Canada.

John Smoke Johnson / Sakayengwaraton

A sachem (or paramount chief) of the Powhatan Confederacy in present-day Virginia from 1618 until his death. He had been a leader in the confederacy formed by his older brother Powhatan, and led the Powhatan in the second and third Anglo-Powhatan Wars, including the Indian massacre of 1622. In 1646, he was captured by English colonists and taken to Jamestown, where he was killed by a settler assigned to guard him.

Opechancanough

A prominent Modoc leader from present-day northern California and southern Oregon, best known for leading his people in resisting forced relocation during the Modoc War of 1872–1873. Using the rugged terrain of the Lava Beds in California, his small band of warriors held off vastly superior US Army forces for several months. He remains the only Native American leader to be charged with war crimes, along with three others, for their role in the deaths of General Edward Canby and Reverend Eleazar Thomas during peace negotiations.

Kintpuash or Captain Jack