In its first bid to establish a libertarian state, the Phoenix Foundation began building an artificial island on the Minerva Reefs. This alarmed countries in the vicinity, which mutually agreed that Tonga would claim the atolls. A decade later, the leader made a second unsuccessful attempt to take possession of the reefs. 1972-82

Republic of Minerva

Citing medieval documents, a local resident asserted that the town had been a sovereign state since 954 AD. It does not claim to be exempt from Italian legal jurisdiction. Although the town's declaration that it is an independent nation is generally seen as a ploy to increase tourism, it has been recognised by about twenty countries. 1963-

Principality of Seborga

A micronation in Imperial County, Southern California that was founded by slow jam DJ Randy Williams. It claims an empty, 11-acre plot of desert land along the California State Route 78 that Williams purchased for $19,000. 2021-

United Territories of the Sovereign Nation of The People's Republic of Slowjamastan

By referendum, the citizens of L'Anse-Saint-Jean, Quebec, chose to declare the municipality a "municipal monarchy", as a way to promote tourism. 1997-

Kingdom of L'Anse-Saint-Jean

A group of schoolteachers declared the independence of this island in a fjord of Zealand, after they had purchased it for a summer camp. It is uninhabited, except during an annual gathering of the micronation's citizens. 1944-

Kingdom of Elleore

As part of his television chat show Nightmare Stage, Željko Malnar declared an independent republic, located in Stara Peščenica, a neighbourhood of Zagreb, Croatia. 1992-2010

Republic of Peščenica

In protest of the national government's refusal to recognise same-sex marriages performed elsewhere in the world, a group of gay rights activists declared the Coral Sea Islands independent. The micronation counted all gay and lesbian people worldwide as permanent residents and eligible for citizenship. In 2017, the Australian government agreed to legalise same-sex marriage, and the kingdom was dissolved. 2004-17

Gay and Lesbian Kingdom of the Coral Sea Islands

Paddy Roy Bates took over HM Fort Roughs, a defunct Maunsell Fort built off the coast of Suffolk, and declared it an independent country. At the time, the fort was international waters. In 1978, Germany sent a diplomat to negotiate with Bates for the release of a German citizen who claimed to be its prime minister, and had led a failed attack on the fort. Bates claimed this constituted recognition of this micronation by Germany. UK's territorial waters now encompass Sealand. 1967-

Principality of Sealand

A community of squatters in Hammersmith, which included prominent writers, musicians, and other artists, was facing eviction. Inspired partly by the micronation Freetown Christiania, the residents voted to secede. In a dispute over the performance of a play, a British court ruled that, for the purposes of that particular lawsuit, it was not part of the United Kingdom. 1977-1980s

Frestonia

A small, uninhabitable island south-west of Antigua. According to writer M. P. Shiel, it was claimed by his father, with the consent of the British Colonial Office. Since 1967, the title of King of XXXXX has been disputed, with multiple claimants. 1865-

Kingdom of Redonda